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Steven J. Rose (1939-1989); was Associate Professor and Director of of the Program in Physical Therapy at Washington University School of Medicine; received his bachelor's degree in physical therapy from Ithaca College/Albert Einstein College of Medicine and a doctorate in neuroscience from Yeshiva University/Albert Einstein College of Medicine; served as an Associate Editor and then as Editor of Physical Therapy from 1986 until his death in 1989.
--Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis website, viewed May 9, 2016

Dr. Edward Wheeler Dempsey was Dean of the Washington University School of Medicine from 1958-1964. Dr. Dempsey served during a turbulent time when the medical school administration was involved in a dispute with the strong-willed president of the Board of Trustees of Barnes Hospital, Edgar Monsanto Queeny. At the time, it was feared by some observers that a schism would result between the two institutions that would threaten the continued growth of the medical school.

Dr. Dempsey was a graduate of Marietta College (Marietta, Ohio) and received master of science and doctor of philosophy degrees in biology from Brown University. He was a member of the faculty of the Harvard Medical School from 1938 until coming to Washington University as Professor and Head of the Department of Anatomy in 1950. He continued as Head of Anatomy after being named Dean, and retained that appointment until 1966.

In 1964, Dr. Dempsey resigned from the deanship to serve in President Lyndon B. Johnson's administration as Special Assistant to the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. Upon his return from Washington in 1966, he was appointed to the Chair of Anatomy at the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University. He later served as a visiting professor at Stanford University. The many honors given to Dr. Dempsey and the offices he held in professional organizations are detailed in this collection.

David A. Gee (1928-2006) was a prominent health administrator, serving both the former Jewish Hospital and the Washington University School of Medicine. He is best known for his 27-year tenure as president of the Jewish Hospital of Saint Louis. Gee's employment at the hospital began with an administrative residency in 1950. A year later, he attained a master's degree in health administration from Washington University School of Medicine. He graduated from DePauw University in Greencastle, IN in 1949. Gee held various administrative positions at Jewish Hospital from 1951 until 1964, when he became executive director of the hospital. His presidency lasted from 1968 until 1995. Throughout his lengthy tenure at Jewish Hospital, Gee implemented a highly visible leadership approach that promoted open communication and a continued commitment to patient-centered care.

Gee also taught as a Professor of Health Administration at Washington University School of Medicine for 25 years. He penned 65 books and articles, including A History of the Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, published in 1981, and Working Wonders: A History of the Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, 1891-1992, published in 1993. Gee died on December 5, 2006. His legacy is honored with an administrative fellowship in his name at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, which is awarded to qualified candidates interested in entering the field of health administration.

Beatrice F. Schulz was in the first class to graduate from the Barnes Hospital School for Physical Therapy Technicians in 1942. Before her switch to physical therapy, she was an occupational therapist who graduated from the St. Louis College of Occupational Therapy in 1934. With the P.T. faculty and staff called to active duty in World War II, she became technical director and chief physical therapist the day after she graduated from the Barnes Hospital program.

Schulz remained technical director when the Barnes School's certificate program was replaced by Washington University's baccalaureate course in Physical Therapy in 1948. That year, she also joined the faculty of the Washington University School of Medicine where she had enormous influence with physical therapy students for the next 30 years. Schulz served as director of the Physical Therapy department from 1955 until her retirement in June 1977.

Gordon Hatler Scott (1901-1970) was born in Winfield, Kansas on April 10, 1901. He received his Ph.D. in anatomy at the University of Minnesota in 1926. Upon graduation, Scott worked at Loyola University in Chicago as an Assistant Professor of Anatomy for two years. He then moved to New York City to assist E.V. Cowdry with cytological studies of malaria at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.

When Cowdry was selected to be the head of the cytology program at Washington University in 1928, Scott followed Cowdry and was appointed Assistant Professor of Cytology at Washington University. Scott held this position until 1931, when he was promoted to Associate Professor of Cytology (1931-1941), and later Associate Professor of Histology (1941-1942). Scott researched medical physics and developed many physical methods of study for biology. He is credited with creating the nation's first electron microscope, which is now located in the Bernard Becker Medical Library.

Scott left Washington University to become the head of the anatomy department at the University of Southern California. In 1945 he became the Chairman of the Department of Anatomy at Wayne State University. He was promoted to Dean of the School of Medicine in 1950, where he pushed to increase enrollment and oversaw a significant expansion of the school's facilities.

Dr. Scott held a number of administrative positions in professional organizations and he was presented with several honors throughout his career. He was a member of the White House Conference on Child Health and Protection in 1930, served as vice president of the American Association of Medical Colleges in 1957, and was a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Willard M. Allen (1904-1993) was an academic obstetrician-gynecologist. He studied organic chemistry at Hobart College before he went the University of Rochester in 1926 to study medicine. In 1927, he took time out from medical studies to do research with his anatomy professor, George W. Corner. Together, they monitored changes in the corpus luteum of rabbits. The corpus luteum produces progesterone, a hormone important to the maintenance of pregnancy. This hormone was unknown until Allen and Corner's discovery of it in their experiments. For this research, Allen earned a master's in science in 1929. After returning to his medical studies in 1930, he earned his M.D. in 1932. Allen and microchemist Oskar Wintersteiner were the first of four groups to isolate progesterone in 1933. After an internship and residency at Strong Memorial Hospital in Rochester, Allen joined the faculty of University of Rochester as Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology in 1936.

In 1940, Allen moved his gynecologic endocrine research operations to Washington University School of Medicine. At the time, he was the medical school's youngest department chair. He remained Department Chair and Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology for over 30 years. An early collaborator in the department was William H. Masters, M.D, of the famous Masters and Johnson research team. At Washington University, Dr. Allen's major discoveries were of the "Blue Color Test" for DHIA (dehydroisoandrosterone) in diagnosis of adrenal tumors and the development of the "Allen Correction." The Allen Correction was a simple mathematical formula which made possible the analysis of steroids and other compounds by colorimetry. Allen was the first to administer progesterone to human subjects for treatment of uterine bleeding. Outside the laboratory, his most famous contribution was the description of the "Allen-Masters" syndrome, defined as a laceration of ligaments causing abnormal mobility of the cervix.

After his retirement from Washington University in 1971, Willard M. Allen became Professor of Obstetrics at the University of Maryland. Dr. Allen later served as Associate Dean of the medical school at the University of Maryland from 1976-1982.

Jacob G. Probstein was a former chief of surgery at Jewish Hospital who is best known as the last team doctor for the St. Louis Browns and the first team doctor for the St. Louis Blues. After he was hired by the Blues in 1967, Probstein became a hockey fan and was a fixture at Blues hockey games well into his 90s, missing no more than a dozen home games each season until the last two years of his life prior to his death in 1993. Probstein also helped found the Missouri Cancer Commission in 1962 and wrote a book on the treatment of pancreatitis.

Harvey J.Howard (1880-1956) was the first chair of the Department of Ophthalmology at Washington University School of Medicine. He graduated with his medical degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1908 and in 1910, Howard headed to China to serve a five year term as head of the Ophthalmology Department in the University Medical School at Canton Christian College. Upon his return to the U.S., Howard studied ophthalmologic pathology, specializing in congenital abnormalities of the eye, at Harvard University on a Rockefeller Foundation Scholarship, and was elected to the American Ophthalmological Society in 1917 for his work.

During WWI, Howard briefly served as a captain in the U.S. Army, where he developed the Howard-Dolman depth perception test for aviators. After his military service, he returned to China in 1917 as the head of the Department of Ophthalmology at Union Medical College in Beijing, an appointment that lasted until 1927. During his decade in Beijing, Howard conducted research on epithelial cells and organized a teaching program in which he arranged for many prominent ophthalmologists to guest teach. He also served as the ophthalmologist to Pu Yi, the boy emperor in the Forbidden City, from 1921 to 1925. In 1926, he and his son, Jim, were kidnapped by Manchurian bandits and held for $100,000 ransom. They were held for ten weeks and despite the gang's threats, Howard and his son escaped largely due to his fluent Chinese and by treating the kidnappers" medical ailments. Upon his release, Howard wrote Ten Weeks with Chinese Bandits, an accounting of his adventures during his captivity. The publication was translated into seven languages and went through eight printings.

In 1927, he was contacted by Washington University School of Medicine asking him to serve as the first Chair of the Department of Ophthalmology. He accepted the position and was instrumental in the construction of a new building devoted to ophthalmology. At the medical school, Howard was responsible for the development of a resident training program in ophthalmology and conducted research on trachoma among the Indians and aviation medicine. In addition to his teaching duties, Howard served as the medical director for the Missouri Commission for the Blind from 1931 to 1948 and entered private practice in 1934.

Dr. Joseph Clarence Hinsey (1901-1981) was born in Ottumwa, Iowa. Hinsey attended Northwestern University, receiving a B.S. (1922) and an M.S. (1923) in biology. He then studied neuroanatomy at Washington University from 1924-1927. At Washington University, the chairman of his committee was Stephen Walter Ranson, with Nobel Laureates Herbert Gasser and Joseph Erlanger representing his minors in physiology and pharmacology. After receiving his Ph.D. in 1927, Hinsey spent one year teaching at Washington University before moving to other academic and administrative posts at Northwestern and Stanford University.

In 1936, Hinsey served as Professor of Physiology and Chairman of the Department at Cornell University Medical College. He would later serve as Dean of the medical school from 1941-1953. Hinsey was then Director of the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center from 1953-1966. Among his many accomplishments was his work on improving medical education. He helped to found the Association of American Medical Colleges and served as its president in 1950.

St. Lucia was the patron saint of blind people.

Charles Alexander Pope was born on March 15, 1818 in Huntsville, Alabama. After graduation from the University of Alabama, Pope began the study of medicine. He attended his first course of lectures at the Cincinnati Medical College and then went to Philadelphia and entered the University of Pennsylvania. He received his medical degree in 1839 at the age of 21. Dr. Pope immediately went to Europe to further study surgery. In 1841 Pope returned to the United States and settled in St. Louis, Missouri. In 1843 Pope was chosen professor of Anatomy and Physiology at the St. Louis Medical College, which at the time was affiliated with St. Louis University. In 1847 Pope became professor of Surgery at the school, and two years later was chosen dean. During his tenure, Pope had his father-in-law, the real estate magnate John O'Fallon, construct the first building for the medical school in 1849, which remained as its headquarters until 1892.

In 1854 Pope was elected president of the American Medical Association; the following year he was elected president of the Missouri State Medical Association. Pope was one of the first physicians in the Middle West to limit his practice of medicine exclusively to surgery. Pope traveled to Europe periodically, often writing of his experiences as foreign correspondent to the St. Louis Medical and Surgical Journal. Pope gained a national reputation as a surgeon and teacher. He resigned as professor and dean of the St. Louis Medical College in 1864. He briefly resumed his chair at the college, but resigned for good in early 1867. Pope and his family moved to Paris, where Pope died on July 5, 1870.

William S. Coxe received his medical degree from Johns Hopkins University. He moved to St. Louis in 1957 and served on the faulty of Washington University School of Medicine until he retired as an emeritus professor in neurological surgery in 1997. Coxe received the School of Medicine's Distinguished Service Award in 2002.

Stephen Morris Highstein MD, PhD (1939-2014) was an animal physiologist and professor Washington University School of Medicine for 25 years (1983-2009) in two different departments: Anatomy and Cell biology (later Neurobiology) and Otolaryngology. Before his tenure at Washington University, he rose from assistant professor to full professor at The Albert Einstein College of Medicine from 1974-1983. He then moved to the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole to serve as Senior Scientist in 2009.

Highstein studied the efferent nerve of the toadfish at the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole in the summers from 1980 to 1987 because the toadfish embodies a near perfect anatomy for studying how the brain controls its own sensory perception. This research grew out of his 20 year study of the vestibular or equilibrium systems of mammals. He earned is B.S. in Engineering in 1961 from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, his M.D. from the University of Maryland in 1965, and PhD in physiology from the University of Tokyo in 1976.

*Source: Outlook Magazine, Fall 1987, page 16-19; and American Men and Women of Science, 2003, v 3. page 691.

Sidney Goldring was a Polish-American neurosurgeon and educator who helped develop a brain surgery for patients with severe epilepsy. He developed the procedure throughout the 1960s and 1970s, using general anesthesia on his epileptic patients through electrodes placed on the brain to determine the precise areas that set off the seizures. Due to the success, this operation remains in use today.

He received his undergraduate (1943) and medical degrees (1947) from Washington University, where he stayed on as an assistant professor of neurological surgery in 1958. He briefly left the school to head the neurological surgery department at University of Pittsburgh from 1964 to 1966, but returned as a full professor. Goldring later served as the director for the university's McDonnell Center for Studies of Higher Brain Function from 1980 to 1988. He retired in 1990.

Also, he was a former president of the American Academy of Neurological Surgery, American Association of Neurological Surgeons and Society of Neurological Surgeons. Goldring served as chairman of the American Board of Neurological Surgery from 1974 to 1976.

Oliver H. Lowry was born in Chicago and received his master's degree and doctorate in biochemistry from the University of Chicago. He initially lectured at Harvard Medical School, where in 1939 he published his first scientific paper. He worked at the Public Health Research Institute of the City of New York from 1942 to 1947, then moved to Washington University, where he headed the department of pharmacology for the next 29 years and, in the late 1950's, was also dean of the medical school. Also in the 1950's, Lowry found a way of isolating, preparing, weighing, and chemically studying single nerve cells and sub-cellular particles. He pioneered freeze-drying methods to preserve cells and invented a micro-balance that could register less than a millionth of a gram.

Dr. Lowry's early paper on the measurement of protein became one of the most frequently cited studies in scientific literature. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1957 and to the National Academy of Sciences in 1964. He retired a distinguished professor emeritus of molecular biology and phamacology. Source: New York Times, July 4, 1996.

Samuel Soule was a 1923 graduate of the St. Louis College of Pharmacy, and a 1928 graduate of the Washington University School of Medicine. He completed his residency at Barnes Hospital, as was appointed assistant obstetrician-gynecologist in 1932. He served on the faculty of Washington University's department of obstetrics and gynecology until his retirement in 1979.
-- In Memorium SAMUEL D. SOULE, M.D. 216 Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, November-December 1986, inside front cover. https://beckerarchives.wustl.edu/RG025-S09-ss03-B65-F04-i06

Herbert S. Gasser (1888-1963) was a physiologist who received (jointly with Joseph Erlanger) the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1944. He served on the faculty at Washington University School of Medicine, 1916-1931. He earned a bachelor's degree (1910) and master's degree (1911) at the University of Wisconsin at Madison. He received his M.D. from Johns Hopkins University in 1915 and later served as a professor of physiology and director, 1935-1953 at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.

Palmer H. Futcher (1910-2004) was assistant professor of medicine at Washington University School of Medicine from 1946-1948. He earned his M.D. from Johns Hopkins in 1936 in the same class as Washington University faculty member Barry Wood. Wood hired him in the spring of 1946, and he had other appointments in medicine at Barnes Hospital and as chief of the diabetic & endocrine clinic at Washington University Clinics.

In 1948, Futcher moved to Johns Hopkins as associate professor of medicine and physician in charge of the private outpatient service of Johns Hopkins Hospital. He held a number of posts at Johns Hopkins including assistant dean. From 1967 to 1975 he was the executive secretary of the American Board of Internal Medicine.

Anita Whitney Mackie is a former assistant professor of preventive medicine at Washington University School of Medicine who spent the majority of her career working on health services and agricultural issues in Africa. Born in Belfast, Northern Ireland IN 1930, Mackie holds degrees from McGill University (B. Sc. 1952), Cornell University (M.S., 1954), and Michigan State University (PH.D. Communications, 1962). She originally began her professional career as an agricultural economist in Nigeria for Stanford University and served on Nigerian relief in 1967-1968, but the Biafran War forced her return to the United States. At that point in 1970, she became a member of the Washington University School of Medicine faculty. At Washington University, Mackie acted as a liason between the medical center and the division of Health Care Research. She was assistant professor of Health care services in preventative medicine (communication). In the early 1970s, she was called back to Africa and spent the next two decades working with USAID and the Foreign Service in Chad. In her retirement years, Mackie has lived in Zimbabwe, South Africa, and the U.S.

Sources: curriculum vitae, 1970; Washington University School of Medicine catalog, 1970/71-1973/74

M. Kenton King (1924-2009) became the first full-time dean of Washington University School of Medicine in 1965, a position he retained until his retirement in 1989 and thereby making him one of the longest-serving Medical School deans in the United States. His tenure brought much acclaim to the School of Medicine both academically, with the recruitment of new heads in every department, and physically, with the addition of the McDonnell Medical Sciences Building, Clinical Sciences Research Building, Becker Medical Library, and the renovation of the East Building. King's leadership also affected the composition of the student body as his recruitment efforts brought more minority and female students to Washington University.

Born on November 13, 1924, in Oklahoma City, King began his undergraduate studies at the University of Oklahoma. World War II interrupted his academic pursuits when he joined the U.S. Navy in 1943. He participated in the Battle of Okinawa and attained the rank of lieutenant prior to his discharge in 1946. A year later, King earned his bachelor's degree from the University of Oklahoma and decided to attend Vanderbilt University's School of Medicine on the G.I. Bill. He graduated in 1951, ranked seventh in his class. King then completed an internship and a residency at Barnes Hospital in St. Louis, becoming chief resident in 1955. When his mentor, W. Barry Wood, transferred to Johns Hopkins University in 1955, King followed and completed a fellowship in microbiology. He returned to Washington University in 1957 as a member of the preventive medicine faculty and head of the Student Health Service.

King's administrative contributions to Washington University School of Medicine began as associate dean in 1961, until he was promoted to dean of the School of Medicine in 1965. In 1967, he also became the first Danforth Professor of Medicine and Public Health. King met his wife, June Greenfield King, at Barnes Hospital. A 1951 graduate of the Washington University School of Nursing, June was also the head nurse on a Barnes Hospital medical and surgical ward. After his retirement in 1989, King remained active in university affairs, organizing the School of Medicine's 100th anniversary celebration in 1991. King died on October 15, 2009.