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Stephen Morris Highstein MD, PhD (1939-2014) was an animal physiologist and professor Washington University School of Medicine for 25 years (1983-2009) in two different departments: Anatomy and Cell biology (later Neurobiology) and Otolaryngology. Before his tenure at Washington University, he rose from assistant professor to full professor at The Albert Einstein College of Medicine from 1974-1983. He then moved to the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole to serve as Senior Scientist in 2009.

Highstein studied the efferent nerve of the toadfish at the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole in the summers from 1980 to 1987 because the toadfish embodies a near perfect anatomy for studying how the brain controls its own sensory perception. This research grew out of his 20 year study of the vestibular or equilibrium systems of mammals. He earned is B.S. in Engineering in 1961 from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, his M.D. from the University of Maryland in 1965, and PhD in physiology from the University of Tokyo in 1976.

*Source: Outlook Magazine, Fall 1987, page 16-19; and American Men and Women of Science, 2003, v 3. page 691.

William S. Coxe received his medical degree from Johns Hopkins University. He moved to St. Louis in 1957 and served on the faulty of Washington University School of Medicine until he retired as an emeritus professor in neurological surgery in 1997. Coxe received the School of Medicine's Distinguished Service Award in 2002.

Charles Alexander Pope was born on March 15, 1818 in Huntsville, Alabama. After graduation from the University of Alabama, Pope began the study of medicine. He attended his first course of lectures at the Cincinnati Medical College and then went to Philadelphia and entered the University of Pennsylvania. He received his medical degree in 1839 at the age of 21. Dr. Pope immediately went to Europe to further study surgery. In 1841 Pope returned to the United States and settled in St. Louis, Missouri. In 1843 Pope was chosen professor of Anatomy and Physiology at the St. Louis Medical College, which at the time was affiliated with St. Louis University. In 1847 Pope became professor of Surgery at the school, and two years later was chosen dean. During his tenure, Pope had his father-in-law, the real estate magnate John O'Fallon, construct the first building for the medical school in 1849, which remained as its headquarters until 1892.

In 1854 Pope was elected president of the American Medical Association; the following year he was elected president of the Missouri State Medical Association. Pope was one of the first physicians in the Middle West to limit his practice of medicine exclusively to surgery. Pope traveled to Europe periodically, often writing of his experiences as foreign correspondent to the St. Louis Medical and Surgical Journal. Pope gained a national reputation as a surgeon and teacher. He resigned as professor and dean of the St. Louis Medical College in 1864. He briefly resumed his chair at the college, but resigned for good in early 1867. Pope and his family moved to Paris, where Pope died on July 5, 1870.

William M. Landau was born just a few blocks from Washington University in 1924. He started college at the University of Chicago in 1941, but the United States' entry into World War II accelerated his college career, and after just two years, he returned to St. Louis to begin medical studies at Washington University School of Medicine. He was 18. Landau completed medical school in 1947 and joined the neurology faculty in 1954. He was named professor emeritus 58 years later and continued conducting research into his 90s.

Landau was a professor of neurology at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis from 1954 to 2012 and served as head of the Department of Neurology from 1970 to 1991. He was the longest-serving faculty member at the School of Medicine. Landau specialized in movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease, but his interests ranged widely. With Frank Kleffner, PhD, of the Central Institute of the Deaf, he identified and described Landau-Kleffner syndrome, a rare disorder in which children lose the ability to speak and respond to language. He also studied how patients fared after being revived with CPR when their hearts had stopped beating, and concluded that the risk of severe, debilitating brain damage was underappreciated. He advocated for more limited use of the procedure.

https://www.stltoday.com/lifestyles/health-med-fit/health/dr-william-landau-former-chief-neurologist-at-washington-university-dies-at-93/article_84b02ef8-ec94-553f-bade-e577103becf0.html

The People's Hospital; opened as Provident Hospital in 1894; became People's Hospital in 1918; private hospital); found: African Missouri WWW Home page, May 8, 1996(People's Hospital; served African American population before integration

Mildred Trotter is regarded as one of the most eminent 20th century contributors to the field of physical anthropology, especially to knowledge about human bone and hair. A native of Pennsylvania, she received her bachelor's degree from Mount Holyoke College in Massachusetts. She joined the Washington University School of Medicine Department of Anatomy in 1920 as a researcher and her subsequent work here was applied towards a Ph.D., which she received in 1924. Her full time teaching career began that same year, collaborating with Robert J. Terry in the gross anatomy curriculum. In this capacity, Trotter guided medical students for over fifty years in the exacting art of dissection.

Trotter's research efforts have led to findings that have proven useful not only to clinical medicine, but also to fields such as forensic science, physical anthropology, and archaeology. She contributed much of what is known today about human skeletal structure and density, and particularly the characteristics of long limb bones. Trotter was named to a full professorship in 1946, thus making her the first woman to achieve this rank at Washington University School of Medicine. She was a visiting fellow, lecturer, and professor at several universities in this country and abroad and a consultant to the U.S. Armed Forces. She became a professor emerita in 1967.

St. Lucia was the patron saint of blind people.

Dr. Joseph Clarence Hinsey (1901-1981) was born in Ottumwa, Iowa. Hinsey attended Northwestern University, receiving a B.S. (1922) and an M.S. (1923) in biology. He then studied neuroanatomy at Washington University from 1924-1927. At Washington University, the chairman of his committee was Stephen Walter Ranson, with Nobel Laureates Herbert Gasser and Joseph Erlanger representing his minors in physiology and pharmacology. After receiving his Ph.D. in 1927, Hinsey spent one year teaching at Washington University before moving to other academic and administrative posts at Northwestern and Stanford University.

In 1936, Hinsey served as Professor of Physiology and Chairman of the Department at Cornell University Medical College. He would later serve as Dean of the medical school from 1941-1953. Hinsey was then Director of the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center from 1953-1966. Among his many accomplishments was his work on improving medical education. He helped to found the Association of American Medical Colleges and served as its president in 1950.

Harvey J.Howard (1880-1956) was the first chair of the Department of Ophthalmology at Washington University School of Medicine. He graduated with his medical degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1908 and in 1910, Howard headed to China to serve a five year term as head of the Ophthalmology Department in the University Medical School at Canton Christian College. Upon his return to the U.S., Howard studied ophthalmologic pathology, specializing in congenital abnormalities of the eye, at Harvard University on a Rockefeller Foundation Scholarship, and was elected to the American Ophthalmological Society in 1917 for his work.

During WWI, Howard briefly served as a captain in the U.S. Army, where he developed the Howard-Dolman depth perception test for aviators. After his military service, he returned to China in 1917 as the head of the Department of Ophthalmology at Union Medical College in Beijing, an appointment that lasted until 1927. During his decade in Beijing, Howard conducted research on epithelial cells and organized a teaching program in which he arranged for many prominent ophthalmologists to guest teach. He also served as the ophthalmologist to Pu Yi, the boy emperor in the Forbidden City, from 1921 to 1925. In 1926, he and his son, Jim, were kidnapped by Manchurian bandits and held for $100,000 ransom. They were held for ten weeks and despite the gang's threats, Howard and his son escaped largely due to his fluent Chinese and by treating the kidnappers" medical ailments. Upon his release, Howard wrote Ten Weeks with Chinese Bandits, an accounting of his adventures during his captivity. The publication was translated into seven languages and went through eight printings.

In 1927, he was contacted by Washington University School of Medicine asking him to serve as the first Chair of the Department of Ophthalmology. He accepted the position and was instrumental in the construction of a new building devoted to ophthalmology. At the medical school, Howard was responsible for the development of a resident training program in ophthalmology and conducted research on trachoma among the Indians and aviation medicine. In addition to his teaching duties, Howard served as the medical director for the Missouri Commission for the Blind from 1931 to 1948 and entered private practice in 1934.

Jacob G. Probstein was a former chief of surgery at Jewish Hospital who is best known as the last team doctor for the St. Louis Browns and the first team doctor for the St. Louis Blues. After he was hired by the Blues in 1967, Probstein became a hockey fan and was a fixture at Blues hockey games well into his 90s, missing no more than a dozen home games each season until the last two years of his life prior to his death in 1993. Probstein also helped found the Missouri Cancer Commission in 1962 and wrote a book on the treatment of pancreatitis.

Born in 1904, Zola Katharine Cooper received her A.B. (1925), M.S. (1926), and Ph.D. (1929) from Washington University. After working as a research associate and associate pathologist at the Barnard Free Skin and Cancer Hospital for several years, Cooper joined the faculty of the Washington University School of Medicine as an instructor in Pathology in 1940. For the next six years as she taught and worked in the pathology lab, she became well-known among dermatologists throughout the country as an authority on dermatopathology.

In 1947 Cooper accepted a position as assistant professor in the Histology Department at the University of Oklahoma. She stayed in Oklahoma only two years, returning to Washington University in 1949 as an assistant professor of Pathology. Cooper was considered the patron saint of dermatology residents in St. Louis - she set up special study and coaching session for both the Washington University and St. Louis University residents to assist them in passing the pathology section of their Board examinations.

For much of 1953 and 1954 Cooper was helping plan and coordinate a dermatopathology seminar as part of the Southern Medical Association Meeting that was scheduled for the late fall of 1954 in St. Louis. Cooper was to have served as the first guest moderator. However, she was found dead of a cerebral hemorrhage in her apartment on October 23, 1954, two days prior to the start of the meeting. The Southern Medical Association named the yearly Zola Cooper Seminar in her honor. In 2002 the Zola Cooper Seminar dissociated with the Southern Medical Association. The Zola Cooper Clinical and Dermatopathologic Seminar is now an independent educational organization designed to promote continuous excellence in the field of clinical dermatology and dermatopathology.

Source: https://beckerexhibits.wustl.edu/mowihsp/bios/cooper.htm

Semi-annual report of the Secretary of State to Congress ... Jan./June 1953: t.p. (International Information and Educational Exchange Program) p. 3 (The eleventh report... on the International Information and Educational Exchange Program is the last report; On Aug. 1, 1953, reorganization became effective. This plan consolidated the foreign information activities of the U.S. Government into one program administed by a new independent ageny--the United States Information Agency. The exchange-of-persons program... remains in the Dept. of State); Its 24th semi-annual report to Congress, July/Dec. 1959: cover (The Educational and Cultural Exchange Program, Dept. of State)

URI(s) http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2005035980

Willard M. Allen (1904-1993) was an academic obstetrician-gynecologist. He studied organic chemistry at Hobart College before he went the University of Rochester in 1926 to study medicine. In 1927, he took time out from medical studies to do research with his anatomy professor, George W. Corner. Together, they monitored changes in the corpus luteum of rabbits. The corpus luteum produces progesterone, a hormone important to the maintenance of pregnancy. This hormone was unknown until Allen and Corner's discovery of it in their experiments. For this research, Allen earned a master's in science in 1929. After returning to his medical studies in 1930, he earned his M.D. in 1932. Allen and microchemist Oskar Wintersteiner were the first of four groups to isolate progesterone in 1933. After an internship and residency at Strong Memorial Hospital in Rochester, Allen joined the faculty of University of Rochester as Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology in 1936.

In 1940, Allen moved his gynecologic endocrine research operations to Washington University School of Medicine. At the time, he was the medical school's youngest department chair. He remained Department Chair and Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology for over 30 years. An early collaborator in the department was William H. Masters, M.D, of the famous Masters and Johnson research team. At Washington University, Dr. Allen's major discoveries were of the "Blue Color Test" for DHIA (dehydroisoandrosterone) in diagnosis of adrenal tumors and the development of the "Allen Correction." The Allen Correction was a simple mathematical formula which made possible the analysis of steroids and other compounds by colorimetry. Allen was the first to administer progesterone to human subjects for treatment of uterine bleeding. Outside the laboratory, his most famous contribution was the description of the "Allen-Masters" syndrome, defined as a laceration of ligaments causing abnormal mobility of the cervix.

After his retirement from Washington University in 1971, Willard M. Allen became Professor of Obstetrics at the University of Maryland. Dr. Allen later served as Associate Dean of the medical school at the University of Maryland from 1976-1982.

Gordon Hatler Scott (1901-1970) was born in Winfield, Kansas on April 10, 1901. He received his Ph.D. in anatomy at the University of Minnesota in 1926. Upon graduation, Scott worked at Loyola University in Chicago as an Assistant Professor of Anatomy for two years. He then moved to New York City to assist E.V. Cowdry with cytological studies of malaria at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.

When Cowdry was selected to be the head of the cytology program at Washington University in 1928, Scott followed Cowdry and was appointed Assistant Professor of Cytology at Washington University. Scott held this position until 1931, when he was promoted to Associate Professor of Cytology (1931-1941), and later Associate Professor of Histology (1941-1942). Scott researched medical physics and developed many physical methods of study for biology. He is credited with creating the nation's first electron microscope, which is now located in the Bernard Becker Medical Library.

Scott left Washington University to become the head of the anatomy department at the University of Southern California. In 1945 he became the Chairman of the Department of Anatomy at Wayne State University. He was promoted to Dean of the School of Medicine in 1950, where he pushed to increase enrollment and oversaw a significant expansion of the school's facilities.

Dr. Scott held a number of administrative positions in professional organizations and he was presented with several honors throughout his career. He was a member of the White House Conference on Child Health and Protection in 1930, served as vice president of the American Association of Medical Colleges in 1957, and was a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Frank Kleffner (October 22, 1925 - June 12, 2015), after serving in World War II, received his Ph.D. in speech pathology from the University of Wisconsin in 1952. That same year, he joined the staff of the Central Institute for the Deaf, where he worked for 24 years. He served as the Director of the Speech Pathology Department from 1965 to 1973, and as the CID Director of Clinics from 1973 to 1976. He joined the faculty of the Washington University School of Dentistry as an Assistant Professor of Speech Pathology in 1954 and became a full professor in 1965. In 1976 he left CID and Washington University to become the Director of the Institute of Logopedics (now Heartspring) in Wichita, Kansas, where he worked until his retirement in 1991.

Kleffner’s work focused on assisting children with communication disorders. In 1957, with William M. Landau, MD, professor and later director of the Department of Neurology at Washington University School of Medicine, Kleffner identified and described Landau-Kleffner syndrome, a rare disorder in which children lose the ability to speak and respond to language.

Kleffner served as the president for the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) in 1970, and then as the president for the ASHFoundation from 1981-1985. He received ASHA Honors, the highest award given by the association, in 1985.

Beatrice F. Schulz was in the first class to graduate from the Barnes Hospital School for Physical Therapy Technicians in 1942. Before her switch to physical therapy, she was an occupational therapist who graduated from the St. Louis College of Occupational Therapy in 1934. With the P.T. faculty and staff called to active duty in World War II, she became technical director and chief physical therapist the day after she graduated from the Barnes Hospital program.

Schulz remained technical director when the Barnes School's certificate program was replaced by Washington University's baccalaureate course in Physical Therapy in 1948. That year, she also joined the faculty of the Washington University School of Medicine where she had enormous influence with physical therapy students for the next 30 years. Schulz served as director of the Physical Therapy department from 1955 until her retirement in June 1977.

David A. Gee (1928-2006) was a prominent health administrator, serving both the former Jewish Hospital and the Washington University School of Medicine. He is best known for his 27-year tenure as president of the Jewish Hospital of Saint Louis. Gee's employment at the hospital began with an administrative residency in 1950. A year later, he attained a master's degree in health administration from Washington University School of Medicine. He graduated from DePauw University in Greencastle, IN in 1949. Gee held various administrative positions at Jewish Hospital from 1951 until 1964, when he became executive director of the hospital. His presidency lasted from 1968 until 1995. Throughout his lengthy tenure at Jewish Hospital, Gee implemented a highly visible leadership approach that promoted open communication and a continued commitment to patient-centered care.

Gee also taught as a Professor of Health Administration at Washington University School of Medicine for 25 years. He penned 65 books and articles, including A History of the Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, published in 1981, and Working Wonders: A History of the Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, 1891-1992, published in 1993. Gee died on December 5, 2006. His legacy is honored with an administrative fellowship in his name at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, which is awarded to qualified candidates interested in entering the field of health administration.