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Founded in 1950 by aerospace pioneer James S. McDonnell, the Foundation was established to "improve the quality of life," and does so by contributing to a generation of new knowledge through its support of research and scholarship. Established as the McDonnell Foundation and renamed the James S. McDonnell Foundation in 1984 in honor of its Founder, the Foundation has pursued its goals by supporting scientific, educational and charitable causes locally, nationally, and internationally. Source: https://www.jsmf.org/about/

In 1840, Joseph Nash McDowell, M.D., organized a group of four other St. Louis physicians as a teaching faculty and thus established Kemper College's Medical Department. The lectures delivered by these physicians were the first medical courses taught west of the Mississippi River. The Medical Department was initially housed in a building at the corner of Ninth and Cerre Streets in St. Louis and was often referred to as McDowell's Medical College in tribute to its founder. Kemper College closed in 1845 due to financial constraints and the Medical Department consequently transferred to the University of Missouri.

St. Louis physician-researchers Charles Kilo and Joseph R. Williamson founded the Kilo Diabetes and Vascular Research Foundation to fund dedicated and ongoing research on diabetes and related vascular diseases through private sources.

Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory was established in 1943 as site Y of the Manhattan Project, with the single purpose of designing and building an atomic bomb. Since then the primary responsibility of the laboratory has been assuring the safety and reliability of the nation's nuclear deterrent. In 1981, the laboratory was renamed Los Alamos National Laboratory. Source: https://history.aip.org/phn/21612002.html

The Luerhmann Trust was established in 1952. Terms of the trust direct that the funds be used by the School of Medicine for research in diabetes, heart disease, and other degenerative diseases.

The Masters and Johnson Clinic was an independent research institution named the Reproductive Biology Research Foundation that focused on the scientific study of human sexuality. Studies conducted at the clinic included research in conception, contraception, infertility, and sexual dysfunctions.