Walter F. Ballinger II earned a medical degree from the University of Pennsylvania and completed surgical residencies at Bellevue Hospital and Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center in New York. Ballinger accepted the position of Bixby Professor and head of the Department of Surgery at Washington University in 1967. He stepped down as the head of the department in 1978 and retired as a surgeon in 1991, but continued to teach in the Health Administration Program.
Andrew B. "A.B." Barbee was a physician and surgeon who practiced in St. Louis. He graduated from Kemper Medical College in 1843 and authored a history of Missouri Medical college from 1840 to 1861, published in 1914.
Barnard Free Skin and Cancer Hospital
The Barnard Free Skin and Cancer Hospital was established following a devastating tornado that destroyed St. Louis City Hospital on May 27, 1896. The city set up temporary facilities for the City Hospital patients in the House of the Good Shepherd, but the overflow of patients resulted in cancer patients being turned away. Recognizing that cancer patients needed a facility exclusively dedicated to cancer treatment, the St. Louis Skin and Cancer Hospital opened on a trial basis in 1905 in the old Tuholske Private Hospital at 410 N. Jefferson Avenue. Having proved its worth, the hospital erected a new, 44-bed facility at 3427 Washington Avenue on December 20, 1910. George D. Barnard funded the construction of the new $135,000 building and consequently the hospital was renamed Barnard Free Skin and Cancer Hospital in his honor.
The hospital's three main purposes were treatment, research, and education. Patients were treated only if they were unable to pay for their care and this treatment was provided at no cost to the patients. Barnard Free Skin and Cancer Hospital was a pioneer in public education about cancer and these efforts allowed the community to understand the need for early detection in cancer cases. In addition to its impressive educational contributions, the hospital staff also engaged in research to discover new ways of treating and preventing cancer. The first methods of conducting surgery to remove cancer in the shoulder and hip were developed at Barnard Hospital. Over time, more and more of the research aspect of the hospital was affiliated with Washington University.
In 1952, Barnard Free Skin and Cancer Hospital officially affiliated with Washington University School of Medicine. On October 13, 1954, a new 40-bed building was dedicated on the Medical School campus for the hospital. That building still stands and is now a part of Barnes-Jewish Hospital. The affiliation with Washington University caused the Barnard Free Skin and Cancer Hospital to shift from an independently organized free cancer hospital serving low income patients to a university-affiliated, research-oriented teaching hospital. In 2000, Alvin J. Siteman donated $35 million for the foundation of the Siteman Cancer Center, which incorporated the cancer treatment and research aspects of Barnard Free Skin and Cancer Hospital.
In November 1992, Barnes and Jewish Hospitals signed an affiliation agreement, agreeing to pool resources wherever possible. This affiliation agreement was completed in March 1993 to create Barnes-Jewish, Incorporated (BJI). In April of 1993, BJI and Christian Health Services announced that they would affiliate to create BJC Health System, an affiliation which was finalized in June 1993. In January of 1996, a merger of Barnes and Jewish Hospital, built on the sharing of resources which began with the completion of the affiliation agreement in 1993, was legally completed, and the two became the present day Barnes-Jewish Hospital. Barnes-Jewish Hospital is consistently ranked among the best hospitals in America by U.S. News and World Report.
Barnes-Jewish Hospital Social Work Services
Robert Wilson Bartlett earned his medical degree from the University of Michigan. He completed his surgical residency at Barnes Hospital in 1933, and was then appointed to Washington University School of Medicine as an Instructor in Surgery. He received progressive promotions at both Barnes and the Medical School until his retirement in 1974 with the rank of Surgeon Emeritus at Barnes Hospital and Associate Professor Emeritus of Clinical Surgery.
Base Hospital 21 - a US military hospital staffed by doctors and nurses of the WU Medical Center and civilian volunteers from the St. Louis area - served with distinction during World War I. The 21st was one the first six military hospitals units sent ahead of the American military to serve in France during the war. The officer corps had been drawn in large part from the medical staff of Washington University Medical School and Barnes Hospital. Dr. Fred T. Murphy, professor of surgery at Washington University Medical School, was commissioned as the commanding officer for the military hospital. Also, Dr. Malvern B. Clopton, professor of clinical surgery at WUSM, acted as the chief surgeon for the base hospital. Julia Stimson, superintendent of Washington University Training School for Nurses, became the unit's chief nurse.
Organized in July 1916 the unit was mobilized on April 27, 1917. On May 17, 1917, the unit left St. Louis for New York and set sail for Europe on May 19, 1917. Disembarking at Liverpool, England, on May 28, 1917, the 21st trained for a short time in Britain. On June 10, the unit landed at Le Havre, France and on the following day arrived in Rouen, the largest city in France's Normandy region, where it took over and operated British General Hospital No. 12.
The original capacity of the hospital was 1,350 beds, but by October 1918 as many as 1,950 patients were cared for at one time. It received 29,706 surgical and 31,837 medical cases. Of these, 2,833 were American, the remainder being British and other Allied Forces.
The greatest testament of the excellence of the care provided was how many of the unit's key members were promoted to greater responsibility by the end of the war. The unit's chief neurologist Sydney Schwab was reassigned as the commander of a first American hospital specifically for shell shock cases, orthopedic surgeon Nathaniel Allison was made co-director of all orthopedic surgery in the combat zone; head nurse Julia Stimson would become the head of the Red Cross nursing service and Chief Nurse of the American Expeditionary Forces, and Fred Murphy would be promoted to head of the Medical and Surgical Service for the Red Cross. Following the Armistice ending the war on November 11, 1918, the 21st continued to care for the wounded and the sick and increasing repatriated prisoners of war. In 18 months of service in France, the 21st had treated 61,543 patients.
On January 22, 1919, the hospital was demobilized and the last of the patients were discharged or transferred. After several months of incidental duties and awaiting orders, the officers and enlisted men sailed to the U.S. on April 7, 1919, while the nurses, sailed on May 12th. In 23 and a half months of active service, the unit spent 23 months overseas.
After returning to the United States in 1919, Base Hospital 21 was designated a Reserve Officer Corps unit of the General Hospital category. During World War II was known as the 21st General Hospital.
M. Carolyn Baum served in clinical roles at the University of Kansas Medical Center and Research Medical Center (Health Midwest) in Kansas City until 1976, when she joined the faculty at Washington University School of Medicine as the director of occupational therapy clinical services at the Irene Walter Johnson Institute of Rehabilitation. In 1979, she began working with Dr. Leonard Berg as a part of the Memory and Aging Project. That work, and his guidance, triggered a scholarly career and framed her doctoral work. In 1988, she was appointed director of the Program in Occupational Therapy. Dr. Baum has been involved in two major rehabilitation policy initiatives.
She served on the National Institutes of Health committee that wrote the rehabilitation plan for Congress that implemented the National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research, and she served on the Institute of Medicine committee that wrote the report "Enabling America" for Congress, which subsequently was published as a book. She has served many roles in state and national occupational therapy organizations. She was president of the American Occupational Therapy Association (1981-82, 2003-2007) twice, president of the American Occupational Therapy Certification Board, now NBCOT (1986-1992), on the Research Advisory Panel and she chairs the Research Commission for the American Occupational Therapy Foundation. Source: https://www.ot.wustl.edu/about/our-people/m-carolyn-baum-10
Joye Siroky Baumann received her BS in education in 1947 and her BS in physical therapy in 1948 from Washington University. She served in a special physical therapy clinic during a major poliomyelitis outbreak in North Carolina in the late 1940s and worked later in a United Mineworker's hospital in West Virginia. Source: Obituary, 2016, WU Alumni Directory, 2006.
Born in Nordheim, Germany, Friedrich Ernst Baumgarten was a German-American physician who emigrated to the United States in the 1840s, settling in St. Louis in 1850. He received his medical degree from the University of Gottingen in 1831, and became a mining surgeon in in the town of Clausthal in the Harz Mountains. After earning another degree from the University of Jena in 1844, Friedrich became interested in the prospect of a better life in the United States.
He left his family for Galveston, Texas and attempted to establish a medical practice there, but yellow fever epidemics pushed him to settle further north. In 1850, Friedrich (now known as Frederick) came to St. Louis and found it to his liking due to the growing German immigrant community, so he sent for his wife and children to move in with him. The family settled in 1851, and Frederick became an American citizen in 1852. However, his wife could not adjust to life in America so she soon moved back to Germany with their daughters while their son, Gustav, remained behind with his father.
During his career in St. Louis, Frederick emphasized his medical interest in obstetrics, but carried on a successful practice with patients with a variety of backgrounds and medical afflictions. He was a founding member of the German Medical Society of St. Louis and participated in the St. Louis Medical Society, the St. Louis Academy of Science, and the Masonic Order.