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This series includes photographs and 35mm slides related to Dr. Bain’s professional work. The majority of the photographs are related to her work and travels with the Children’s Bureau and UNICEF.

Of note are photographs of Dr. Bain as an intern at San Francisco Children’s Hospital in 1925 and an undated photograph of Dr. Bain at a meeting at the United Nations, both in sub-series 1.

Also of note is a snapshot in sub-series 1 of Dr. Bain with Christine Glass, Dr. Bain’s longtime friend and housemate, in Italy (Box 4, folder 80).

An interview of the Washington University Medical Center Desegregation History Project, conducted by Edwin W. McCleskey and associates, 1990. Approximate Length: 22 minutes.

Please note that edits made by Brown have been incorporated into the interview transcript so there is some discrepancy between the audio recording and the final transcript.

Ella Brown discusses her experiences at Homer G. Phillips Hospital, where she served as director of nursing service at the time of its closure, and the effect the closing of the hospital had on health care for the Black community.

Brown relates her memories of the closure of Homer G. Phillips Hospital and the pain she felt. She discusses the political and economic issues at play, and later explains the logistics involved in closing the hospital and provides details from its last day of operation.

She also discusses the connection between the hospital and Washington University, and the merger of the Homer G. Phillips School of Nursing with St. Louis City Hospital Training School for Nurses in 1966.

An interview of the Washington University Medical Center Desegregation History Project, conducted by Edwin W. McCleskey and associates, 1990. Approximate Length: 49 minutes.

Samuel Guze discusses his experience with segregation and desegregation of Barnes Hospital, Renard Hospital, as well as its psychiatric service and unit. He guesses the psychiatric service desegregated the Barnes Hospital psychiatric unit in October 1953.

He describes the desegregation of Washington University School of Medicine. He says the Executive Faculty gave the admissions committee discretion in flexible criteria for admission for those with disadvantaged educational background. Roy Vagelos of biochemistry was a key player on the executive faculty along with John Herweg, who headed the admissions committee starting in the early 1960s. Guze recalled that the first African American medical student admitted had difficulty and the second had no difficulty, but the Executive Faculty wanted more African Americans admitted and numbers did not start to go up significantly until about 1968. Guze says this was due to the hiring of Robert Lee, Assistant Dean for Minority Affairs.

Guze discusses the parallel but related desegregation of the St. Louis City Hospital and health care systems. He notes that the segregated city healthcare system included two large general hospitals, Homer G. Phillips Hospital for Blacks and the older St. Louis City Hospital No. 1 for whites. He explains that there was one psychiatric unit at the Malcolm Bliss Center for whites and a separate psychiatric unit for Blacks run by Black psychiatrists at Homer G. Phillips. Guze recalls the teaching arrangement with Homer G. Phillips was less complete and depended on personal relationships in each service. Guze notes that desegregation of both facilities led the city to evaluate whether the city needed two large general hospital complexes. A group of Black physicians approached Guze in the 1970s about an affiliation, but Guze insisted on conditions that Homer G. Phillips was not prepared to meet then, including the right to appoint medical staff.

An interview of the Washington University Medical Center Desegregation History Project, conducted by Edwin W. McCleskey and associates, 1990. Approximate Length: 35 minutes.

Please note that the interview transcript was edited by Dr. Kahn into an essay format and so there is some discrepancy between the audio recording and final transcript.

Lawrence Kahn discusses his memories of Park Jerauld White, a pediatrician who served as Assistant Professor of Pediatrics at Washington University Medical School and the Director of Pediatrics at Homer G. Phillips Hospital.

Kahn describes White’s professional practice, which Kahn joined, and White’s care for his patients. He relates White’s experiences at Harvard University and later the relationship White had with his family. Kahn then discusses White’s role at Homer G. Phillips Hospital. He also relates the role David Goldring and Alexis Hartmann played in desegregating St. Louis Children’s Hospital, and comments on the segregated ward for Black patients at Children’s Hospital, the Butler Ward.

An interview of the Washington University Medical Center Desegregation History Project, conducted by Edwin W. McCleskey and associates, 1990. Approximate Length: 1 hour and 35 minutes.

Robert Lee discusses his work as Assistant Dean for Minority Student Affairs at Washington University School of Medicine and his efforts to increase recruitment, admission, and retention of Black students and students from other minority groups.

Lee begins by discussing how he came to work at Washington University and his early years as the Coordinator for Minority Student Affairs. He discusses changes in how the School of Medicine recruited students from minority groups and supported students who enrolled, and how he worked to build credibility for the programs he implemented.

Lee then relates how Black faculty and students were historically obstructed from joining the school, and how segregation affected patient care and treatment at Barnes Hospital and St. Louis Children’s Hospital. He addresses how health care for the Black community has changed since the closure of Homer G. Phillips Hospital.

Next, Lee discusses local and national recruitment strategies and the relationships he and his department have built with historically Black colleges and universities as well as predominantly white institutions. He addresses how tuition plays a role in attracting students from underrepresented minority groups and what strategies they have taken to create scholarship programs. He explains that John Schultz, John Herweg, John Walters, Howard Phillip Venable, and John Anderson played a significant role in recruiting Black students before he was hired.

Lastly, he addresses preconceptions about Washington University and how he talks to prospective students about its status as a predominantly white institution. He also explains his process for connecting with Black applicants.

4 black and white 35mm negative film strips, 2 black and white 5x7 inch portraits, and 3 black and white 8x10 inch portraits of Michael J. Welch, PhD - Professor of Radiation Chemistry.

5 black and white 8x10 inch photographs featuring John Holloszy.

5 black and white 5x7 inch photographs and 6 black and white 8x10 inch photographs depicting Carlos A. Perez - Radiation Oncology.

This series contains records relating to Dr. Brown’s medical education, military service, and career as a surgeon. It includes documents from his service in the Army and Navy, his 1948 Washington University School of Medicine class photograph, copies of correspondence he sent to his parents while serving in the Korean War, and a copy of transcript of an interview conducted as part of the Greene County Medical Society Oral History Project.

7 black and white 35mm negative film strips, 1 black and white 8x10 inch contact sheet, 1 black and white 3x5 inch portrait, and 3 black and white 8x10 inch photographs depicting Saulo Klahr - Renal Division Head.

13 color 35mm slides, 4 black and white 5x7 inch portraits, and 4 black and white 8x10 inch portraits of John W. Olney - Psychiatry, Pathology and Immunology.

An interview of the Washington University Medical Center Desegregation History Project, conducted by Edwin W. McCleskey and associates, 1990. Approximate Length: 11 minutes.

Michael Karl discusses the ways in which hospitals were segregated in St. Louis when he first came to the city in the 1930s, and how the desegregation of Barnes Hospital came about.

Karl begins by addressing the status of segregated medical facilities in St. Louis in the early 1930s and 1940s and then discusses the desegregation of Barnes Hospital and the elimination of the segregated wards for Black patients, Wards 0300 and 0400. He remarks on the role the hospital boards played in preventing the hospital from desegregating, and the similarities and differences between the Black and white wards.

Karl also discusses the high level of medical care for Black patients at Barnes Hospital and some Black physicians who worked at Barnes.

He says he believes Barnes was integrated in 1962, however the exact date when the hospital was fully integrated is not known.

1 black and white 8x10 inch contact sheet, 1 black and white 5x7 inch photograph, and 3 black and white 8x10 inch photographs depicting scenes from the Students Teaching AIDS to Students (STATS) program.

2 black and white 8x10 inch contact sheets, 10 black and white 35mm negative film strips, and 11 black and white 8x10 inch photograph featuring students in the Medical Library.

17 color 35mm slides, 1 black and white 8x10 inch contact sheet, 6 black and white 35mm negative film strips, 1 black and white 5x7 inch portrait, and 4 black and white 8x10 inch portraits of Emil Unanue.

16 color 35mm slides, 1 color 8x10 inch contact sheet, 1 black and white 4x5 inch portrait, 1 black and white 5x7 inch portrait, and 4 black and white 8x10 inch portraits of Michael W. Vannier - Associate Professor of Radiology.

2 black and white 5x7 inch photographs, 2 black and white 8x10 inch photographs, 4 color 35mm slides, and 1 black and white 4x5 inch negative depicting William Catalona.

9 color 35mm slides, 13 black and white 35mm negative film strips, 1 black and white 4x5 inch negative, 2 black and white 8x10 inch contact sheets, 2 black and white 5x7 inch portraits, and 9 black and white 8x10 inch photographs depicting Joel Cooper.

16 color 35mm slides, 2 color 8x10 inch contact sheets, 29 color 35mm negative film strips, 25 color 4x6 inch photographs, 3 color 5x7 inch photographs, 1 black and white 5x7 inch photograph, and 10 black and white 8x10 inch photographs depicting scenes from the Washington University School of Medicine Program in Physical Therapy.