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Archival description
History, 20th century
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Harry Agress Oral History

  • OH054
  • Collection
  • 4/22/1982

Agress discusses his medical studies at Washington University School of Medicine (St. Louis, Mo.) and the University of Minnesota (Minneapolis, Minn.); his service in World War II with the U.S. Army, 21st General Hospital, in Algeria, Italy, and France; and his civilian practice in St. Louis as a physician and pathologist. He speaks about some of his professors and colleagues, including Evarts A. Graham, Ernest Sachs, and Lee D. Cady, and some of his experiences at the Jewish Hospital of St. Louis. Interviewed by Paul G. Anderson on April 22, 1982. OH054. Approximate Length: 93 minutes.

Agress, Harry

Carl F. Cori Oral History

  • OH056
  • Collection
  • 10/18/1982

Cori recounts his education in Trieste and Prague and his service as a medic in World War I. He describes his early research in pharmacology in Europe and then his and his wife’s emigration to the U.S. when Cori accepted a position as chief biochemist at the State Institute for the Study of Malignant Disease in Buffalo, New York in 1922. The interview covers Cori’s acceptance of the position of head of the Department of Pharmacology at the Washington University School of Medicine in 1931, his gradual shift to the Department of Biochemistry and winning the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine with his wife and Bernardo Houssay in 1947. Cori discusses several of his colleagues at the Washington University School of Medicine, including Leo Loeb, Joseph Erlanger, Evarts A. Graham, Robert J. Terry, Oliver Lowry, and W. McKim Marriott.

The audio quality of the interview is inconsistent. Interviewed by Paul G. Anderson on October 18, 1982. OH056. Approximate Length 90 minutes.

Cori, Carl F.

Robert J. Glaser Oral History

  • OH062
  • Collection
  • 3/7/1985

Robert Glaser discusses his undergraduate and medical school experiences at Harvard University and his residency and years on the faculty as assistant and associate dean of the Washington University School of Medicine. Glaser explains his research in the uses of penicillin and his work in the rheumatic fever clinic during the late 1940s and 1950s. He also discusses some of his colleagues at Washington University, including Barry Wood, Robert A. Moore, Evarts A. Graham, and Carl Moore. Glaser discusses his experience serving as dean of the medical schools at Colorado and Stanford universities, and his work as a foundation executive of the Commonwealth Fund, the Kaiser Foundation and the Markey Charitable Trust. Interviewed by Paul G. Anderson on March 7, 1985. OH062. Approximate Length 130 minutes.

Glaser, Robert J.

Jerome E. Cook Oral History

  • OH063
  • Collection
  • 4/8/1961

Cook talks about Dr. Jesse S. Myer, gastroenterologist and biographer of William Beaumont. Cook also relates some of his experiences as a medical student in the early years of the 20th century and as an intern at St. Louis City Hospital. He describes the practice of medicine at that time and the prevalence and treatment of diseases such as typhoid fever, malaria, and syphilis.

There are several long pauses in the audio recording. Interviewed on April 8, 1961. OH063. Approximate Length 41 minutes.

Cook, Jerome E.

Samuel B. Guze Oral History (OH066)

  • OH066
  • Collection
  • 1994

Interviewed by Marion Hunt in 1994.
Guze discusses his experience as a student of the Washington University School of Medicine in the early 1940s, and his memories of faculty members such as Carl and Gerty Cori, Mildred Trotter, Ethel Ronzoni Bishop, Joseph Erlanger, Barry Wood, Evarts A. Graham, Helen Tredway Graham, Sarah Luse, and Carl Moore. Guze explains how his interest in the field of psychiatry developed and the influence of George Saslow on his career. He also discusses building the psychiatry program at Washington University with his colleagues Eli Robins and George Winokur, his work on the genetics of psychiatric disorders, and the interest and development of child psychiatry as a discipline within the medical school. Colleagues such as M. Kenton King. Virginia Weldon, Paula J. Clayton, Lee Robins, and James Anthony are discussed. This oral history consists of a series of seven interviews conducted in 1994. The interviews were transcribed and edited by the interviewer, Marion Hunt, in 1994. The transcription was corrected and annotated by the interviewee in 1995. Interviewed by Marion Hunt in 1994. OH066. Approximate Length 49 leaves.

Guze, Samuel B.

Viktor Hamburger Oral History

  • OH067
  • Collection
  • 6/30/1983

Viktor Hamburger discusses major points in his long career as an embryologist – his early work in Germany with Hans Spemann and the study of the organizer effect; his experience coming to the United States in 1932 as a Rockefeller fellow and staying on after Hitler’s “cleansing of the professions” in Germany; joining the faculty of Washington University and his research there. Hamburger talks about his colleagues such as Rita Levi-Montalcini and their discovery of naturally occurring neuronal death, his work with Levi-Montalcini and Stanley Cohen on the discovery of nerve growth factor (NGF), and his study of animal behavior development and motility. Interviewed by Dale Purves, M.D. on June 30, 1983. OH067. Approximate Length 80 minutes.

Hamburger, Viktor

H. Mitchell Perry Oral History

  • OH074
  • Collection
  • December 16, 1997

Perry discusses his experiences as a medical student at Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes Hospital, his career as a faculty member at WUSM, and his research in hypertension and stroke.

Interviewed by Paul Anderson and Dr. Mabel Purkerson in 1997. Approximate Length: 6 hours.

Perry, H. Mitchell

Arthur E. Strauss Oral History

  • OH076
  • Collection
  • 9/18/1959

Strauss begins by discussing otolaryngologist Hanau W. Loeb and his role in the early history of St. Louis University Medical School and the development of Jewish Hospital of St. Louis. While relating being called in to help treat Loeb, Strauss discusses his training as a cardiologist and describes the first electrocardiograms. He relates his experiences leading up to his service in World War I and his experiences during the war working as a cardiologist in England and France. Strauss recalls returning to St. Louis after the war and his subsequent work as head of the cardiac clinic at Washington University and at the Jewish Hospital of St. Louis. Strauss talks about his interactions with several prominent early physicians and cardiologists, including Sir Thomas Clifford Allbutt and James McKenzie. The conversation returns to the discussion of Hanau Loeb, and Strauss reads a published tribute to Loeb written by prominent St. Louis rabbi Leon Harrison. Strauss recalls two men who influenced him in his career as a physician, Jesse S. Myer and Albert E. Taussig. The interviewers and Strauss then talk about generational changes in medical training and practice, including the lack of exposure to medical “greats” and the lack of respect shown by local hospital house staffs. Some of the audio recording is distorted (at approximately 71 minutes in); the volume of the recording is not consistent. Interviewed by Gerhard E. Gruenfeld and Barrett L. Taussig on September 18, 1959. OH076. Approximate Length 147 minutes.

Strauss, Arthur E.

John C. Herweg Oral History (OH079)

  • OH079
  • Collection
  • March 2005

The interviewer asked John Herweg to discuss his experiences at St. Louis Children's Hospital during the Alexis Hartmann era, 1936-early 1960s. As a medical student at Washington University in 1942-1945. He mentions his first wife, Janet Scovill, who had finished her pediatric residency at Children's before him. Janet died in 1958. He also speaks of his present wife Dottie Glahn, who was head nurse of the infant ward at St. Louis Children's Hospital from 1947-1959. The interviewer asked him his recollections of Mrs. Langenberg, Gracie Jones and other women on women on the Board of Children's hospital. He also briefly discussed interactions with Estelle Claiborne, the hospital administrator. He recalls that World War II's major effect on St. Louis Children's Hospital was reduction of the number of house officers. The residents who were in charge of the hospital during the nighttime hours were consequently overworked. Concerning the Butler Ward, the segregated ward for African-Americans, he admits the house officers might have integrated Children's Hospital earlier. He thought integration came about when Dave Golden called up Hartmann later and said he wanted to put an African American patient on a ward by treatment needed rather than in the Butler ward. Hartmann agreed and Herwig thought that was the beginning of integration of St. Louis Children's Hospital.

Herweg, John C.

Lawrence W. O'Neal Oral History

  • OH124
  • Collection
  • December 14, 2006

O'Neal shares his memories of medical school and instructors such as Evarts A. Graham; internship and residency at Barnes Hospital; and his career as a surgeon.

Transcription in progress. Interviewed by Paul Anderson in 2006. Approximate Length: 2 hours and 18 minutes.

O'Neal, Lawrence W.

Henry L. Ettman Papers

  • PC003
  • Collection
  • 1941-1968

This collection includes 4 series.  Much of the documention included in each of the series details how to operate various medical equipment.  Note that Series 1: Correspondence; Series 2, Micromanipulator; and Series 3: Knife Sharpener and Stropper are available on microfilm only.  Series 4, the scrapbook is available in both microfilm and hardcopy format.

Ettman, Henry L.

Nu Sigma Nu Records

  • PC017
  • Collection
  • 1906-1969

The record group includes minutes of chapter meetings, chapter membership records and catalogs (directories) and bulletins of the national society which include sections on the Pi chapter. For example, the history of the Pi chapter is in the history of the national fraternity: The first half century of Nu Sigma Nu: 1882-1952, Published by the Nu Sigma Nu fraternity, 1953. The chapter membership books are biographical data sheets organized by the date each member was initiated. Membership data can also be found in the minute books.

Nu Sigma Nu. Pi Chapter

Joseph C. Hinsey Collection

  • PC020
  • Collection
  • 1979-1981

The collection contains letters from Joseph C. Hinsey to Mr. and Mrs. Carlton Hunt, William Dock, and others. Hinsey’s address at Joseph Erlanger’s memorial service is included.

Hinsey, Joseph C.

James Moores Ball Papers

  • PC040
  • Collection
  • 1894-1928

The collection contains mostly correspondence and reprints, but also included are newspaper and journal clippings, manuscripts of lectures, and papers on ophthalmology and the history of medicine.

Ball, James Moores

Alpha Omega Alpha Fraternity Records

  • PC050
  • Collection
  • 1905-1957

The record group concerns the selection of medical students for the society and the development of the local chapter. The records list many members who became prominent in their fields. The Alpha Omega Alpha fraternity records consist of three volumes, 1905-1957, that include the initial charter and constitution and by-laws, minutes of chapter meetings, treasury records, chapter membership lists, other by-laws, correspondence, and publications. See also the The Hatchet (1923-1931) and the Archives vertical file (1938-1992) for more information on this student organization.

Alpha Omega Alpha. Alpha of Missouri Chapter

Barnes Medical College or University bulletins, 1900-1912.

Barnes Medical College was organized in 1892 as a for-profit venture by a group of physicians and business leaders and named in honor of a recently deceased merchant, Robert A. Barnes (1808-1892). Barnes had bequeathed money for the construction of a hospital and it has been widely presumed that the educators’ choice of name was part of an attempt to secure an affiliation between the two institutions. If so, the attempt failed, for the trustees of the Robert A. Barnes estate chose instead to reinvest the assets and wait for a more favorable time to build Barnes Hospital. Ignoring the rebuff, the college trustees constructed a building of their own at 2645 Chestnut (later renamed Lawton) Street. The institution quickly became the largest medical college in the city (ca. 400 students) and its program outgrew the original structure. In 1896 a second building opened two blocks west, on Lawson at Garrison Avenue. In 1902 the objective of a college-related clinical facility was achieved with the establishment of Centenary Hospital and the Barnes Dispensary in a new adjoining building. The institution also operated a dental college (see below), a college of pharmacy, and a nurses’ training program. At its height, the college enrolled approximately 600 students, and in 1904 changed its name to Barnes University. Despite these enhancements and changes of name, it became increasing apparent that the institution was financially unstable. The trustees offered their properties to the Curators of the University of Missouri in 1906 to house the state medical college. The negotiations lasted over a year and the Curators came close to accepting what seemed at first to be a generous offer. In the end, however, the state refused to pay the private venture’s debts and plans for the connection collapsed in 1908. During this same period, Barnes did absorb a smaller private school, the Hippocratean College of Medicine. Flexner severely criticized the Barnes institutions in 1909, however, a contemporary reviewer writing for the American Medical Association (Philip Skrainka, 1910) judged their quality “good.” One year following the merger with American Medical College in 1911 the names Barnes ceased to refer to medical instruction by this organization. For a brief period (1911-1914?) the Centenary facility was administered by Christian Hospital. From 1919 until 1936 the city of St. Louis used the building as a hospital for African American patients (City Hospital No. 2). The structures at Garrison and Lawton were demolished in 1960.

Barnes Medical College, Saint Louis

National University of Arts and Sciences documents, 1913-1915.

Exactly why the backers of Barnes University chose in 1912 to rename their institution National University of Arts and Sciences is unknown, although it is possible to speculate that whereas construction of the (totally unrelated) Barnes Hospital was by then underway, the hospital trustees perhaps asserted claims to exclusive rights to the Barnes name. National University established an undergraduate college in 1913, with courses initially offered in the medical building, then in 1915 moved to a structure at Grand and Delmar Boulevards. The institution attempted as well to operate a preparatory academy. After Christian Hospital withdrew from administration of the former Centenary structure, what was left of the inpatient facility was renamed National Hospital. Also in 1915, a merger was announced between the medical department and the St. Louis College of Physician and Surgeons, another financially beleaguered independent school. This arrangement failed, however, with Physicians and Surgeons withdrawing its faculty and students in 1916. That year witnessed the end of all the National departments but medicine. In 1918 the last medical class graduated and National’s clinical facilities ceased to treat patients.

National University of Arts and Sciences, St. Louis, Missouri

Mary K. Sachs Papers

  • PC062
  • Collection
  • 1964

Sachs, Mary Koues. Forty-five flawless years. Edited correspondence of Ernest and Mary Koues Sachs, with commentary and supplementary documentation and photographs, 1913-1960. Four consecutively paged volumes. 954 p. [1964].

Sachs, Mary K.

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