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Samuel B. Guze Oral History (OH065)

  • OH065
  • Collection
  • October 11, 1989

Interviewed by Richard W. Hudgens in 1989.

This is a five part interview on the history of the Neuropsychiatry department and the psychiatry department of Washington University School of Medicine. Part 1 begins with questions on the neuropsychiatry department in World War II beginning with Edward Gildea. He was a proponent of biological psychiatry, but was tolerant of the psychoanalysts on staff like his wife Margaret Gildea. Guze discusses the dynamic between the biologically oriented faculty Gildea appointed such as George Saslow, Eli Robins and George Winokur and himself. He also mentions George Ulett and David Graham. Guze explains how he got into psychiatry, when his initial goal was to be an internist. He also describes in the end of part 1 and beginning of part 2 how in 1955, Guze, Robins and Winokur, the three assistant professor in Psychiatry in 1955 went to Gildea with their plan for a biologically oriented psychiatry department. Gildea was supportive and they divided up duties. In the training of students, biological psychiatry emphasizes diagnosis and research, clinical studies of etiology including neuropathology, pharmacology, and neurochemistry. Eli Robins was the prime mover in the movement on regularizing diagnostic criteria. At the end of part 2, Guze discusses Gildeas strengths and weaknesses and is asked about Gildea's conflict with James O'Leary. Guze is asked how Eli Robins became head of the new Psychiatry Department. Dr. Ulett was also a contender for department chair. in part 3, Guze discusses Robins era and the effect of Eli's multiple sclerosis on his own research and the psychiatry department. In part 5, Guze discusses how he met Joy Guze, his wife and his childhood especially parents and grandparents and schooling. Antisemitic quotas affected admission to medical schools particularly before World War II.

Guze, Samuel B.

Viktor Hamburger Oral History

  • OH067
  • Collection
  • 6/30/1983

Viktor Hamburger discusses major points in his long career as an embryologist – his early work in Germany with Hans Spemann and the study of the organizer effect; his experience coming to the United States in 1932 as a Rockefeller fellow and staying on after Hitler’s “cleansing of the professions” in Germany; joining the faculty of Washington University and his research there. Hamburger talks about his colleagues such as Rita Levi-Montalcini and their discovery of naturally occurring neuronal death, his work with Levi-Montalcini and Stanley Cohen on the discovery of nerve growth factor (NGF), and his study of animal behavior development and motility. Interviewed by Dale Purves, M.D. on June 30, 1983. OH067. Approximate Length 80 minutes.

Hamburger, Viktor

Beckett Howorth Oral History

  • OH016
  • Collection
  • 5/16/1975

Howorth discusses his family’s background and growing up in Mississippi and his medical education experiences. Howorth recalls his orthopedic training with Dr. Russell Hibbs at the New York Orthopedic Hospital; his research, publications and teaching in orthopedics; his move to southwestern Connecticut in 1949 and subsequent career in Greenwich; and his involvement with national and international professional organizations. Audio quality of interview is poor. Interviewed by Darryl Podoll on May 16, 1975. OH016. Approximate Length 85 minutes.

Howorth, Beckett

David E. Kennell Oral History

  • OH005
  • Collection
  • 11/25/1969

Kennell recounts the participation of the St. Louis Doctors for Peace in the nationwide Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam held on October 15, 1969 at the Washington University School of Medicine. The audio quality of the last 40 seconds of the interview is poor. Interviewed by Walter W. Walker on November 25, 1969. OH005. Approximate Length 18 minutes.

Kennell, David E.

Robert C. Kolodny Oral History

  • OH057
  • Collection
  • November 21, 2013

The interview concerns Kolodny's experiences as a medical student at the Washington University School of Medicine from 1965 until his graduation in 1969. He speaks of the realities of diversity and integration at the medical school at that time. He also talks about his experience with fellow students in creating a course on medical ethics. Faculty members specifically mentioned include Virginia Minnich and Sarah Luse. The interview was recorded on November 21, 2013. Approximate length is 58 minutes. OH057

Kolodny, Robert C.

Jean Matthews Oral History

  • OH120
  • Collection
  • March 19, 2007

Interview conducted by Susan Deusinger of the Physical Therapy Department, WUSM. Approximate Length: 32 minutes.

Matthews, Jean

Charles W. McLaughlin, Jr. Oral History

  • OH040
  • Collection
  • 5/4/1979

McLaughlin discusses completing his medical degree at Washington University School of Medicine and his internship and residency experiences. McLaughlin recounts his service as a surgeon during the Second World War in the U.S. Naval Reserves. He also discusses the role of the American College of Surgeons, his many medical publications on breast and other cancers, and trends in medicine. Interviewed by Darryl Podoll on May 4, 1979. OH040. Approximate Length 61 minutes.

McLaughlin, Charles W., Jr.

Helen E. Nash Oral History

  • OH073
  • Collection
  • 4/20/1999

Nash discusses growing up in Atlanta as the child of a successful African-American physician father and music teacher mother. She relates some of her experiences attending Meharry Medical College in the early 1940s and coming to St. Louis for her internship and residency at Homer G. Phillips Hospital. Nash discusses establishing and running a successful solo pediatric practice and the racism and sexism she faced during her professional career. She also discusses her mentor, Park J. White, and some of their experiences fighting segregation in medical care in St. Louis. Interviewed by Marion Hunt on April 20, 1999. OH073. Approximate Length 71 minutes.

Nash, Helen E.

Daniel Nathans Oral History (OH038)

  • OH038
  • Collection
  • 5/4/1979

Nathans participated in two oral histories. In the first interview, Nathans discusses his childhood in Wilmington, Delaware, his undergraduate education at the University of Delaware, and his experiences in medical school at the Washington University School of Medicine. Nathans recalls some of men who influenced his career, including Barry Wood, Carl Cori, Oliver Lowry, Robert Loeb, Fritz Lipmann, and colleagues such as Hamilton O. Smith and Norton Zinder. He recalls his internship and residency at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center in New York, and his experiences as a researcher at the National Institutes of Health, Rockefeller University and the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel.

In the first interview, Nathans describes some of his research in microbiology, the biosynthesis of proteins, restriction enzymes, RNA phages, and molecular genetics. In the second interview, Nathans discusses the potential significance of his research on recombinant DNA and the effect of winning the Nobel Prize on his personal life and career.

The audio quality of the interviews is inconsistent. Some portions are inaudible. The first interview lasts approximately 56 minutes; the second interview follows immediately and lasts approximately 48 minutes. There is background noise during the second interview. Interviewed by Dr. Sondra Schlesinger (first interview) and Dorothy A. Brockoff (second interview); introduction by Darryl Podoll on May 4, 1979. The oral history number is OH038. Approximate Length is 104 minutes.

Nathans, Daniel

William B. Parker Oral History

  • OH021
  • Collection
  • 2/17/1976; 2/24/1976; 3/2/1976

In a series of three interviews, Parker relates some of the history of the Washington University School of Medicine and its administrative staff, operation and structure. He mentions the deans under which he served and names several of the members of the secretarial and support staff with who he worked over the years. The audio quality of the interview is inconsistent and there is intermittent background noise. There are several long pauses between questions and during some of the answers. Interviewed by Darryl Podoll on February 17, February 24, and March 2, 1976. OH021. Approximate Length 72 minutes.

Parker, William B.

Lloyd L. Penn Oral History

  • OH078
  • Collection
  • 5/5/1983

Penn discusses his legacy as a third generation graduate of the Washington University School of Medicine and its antecedent institutions, the Missouri Medical College and the St. Louis Medical College. Penn describes moving to San Francisco during the Depression and starting his medical career there. He also tells of his service as a surgeon during World War II. This interview was recorded during the 50th reunion of the Washington University School of Medicine Class of 1933. The audio quality is poor. The interview begins in the middle of the interviewer's introduction. Interviewed by Casey Croy on May 5, 1983. OH078. Approximate Length 22 minutes.

Penn, Lloyd L.

Gerald T. Perkoff Oral History

  • OH013
  • Collection
  • 1/8/1974

Perkoff describes his accelerated educational experience at Washington University during World War II and his decision to accept an internship at the University of Utah. He discusses his early research in metabolic and hereditary diseases at the University of Utah, where he was on the faculty and chief of the medical service of the Veterans Administration Hospital. Perkoff relates his returning to St. Louis, his efforts at St. Louis City Hospital to establish a full-time Department of Medicine, and the founding of the Division of Health Care Research at the Washington University School of Medicine. There is an extended discussion of the establishment of a health maintenance organization at Washington University, the Medical Care Group, its structure, financial structure and goals, and its role in training physicians. Perkoff also discusses the delivery of health care in rural settings, his predictions for the development of allied health personnel programs, and the future of medical care delivery. Interviewed by Estelle Brodman on January 8, 1974. OH013. Approximate Length 85 minutes.

Perkoff, Gerald T.

John A. Pierce Oral History

  • OH014
  • Collection
  • 4/3/1974

Pierce discusses the career of his colleague Alfred Goldman, a 1920 graduate of the Washington University School of Medicine and, for fifty years, a member of the clinical faculty of the school. Pierce describes some of Goldman’s early research on the effect of chilling on the development of upper respiratory disease, the physiology of hyperventilation, and tetany. Goldman’s great skill working and relating to both his patients and with students is described. Pierce comments on Goldman’s careful scholarship and tenacity as a researcher as well as his dedication to his family and to his patients. Interviewed by Darryl Podoll on April 3, 1974. OH014. Approximate Length 32 minutes.

Pierce, John A.

Robert E. Shank Oral History

  • OH044
  • Collection
  • 6/27/1980

Shank discusses his student years at the Washington University School of Medicine and his research with Dr. David Barr; his research at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research during World War II; and his postwar research at the Public Health Research Institute for the City of New York. The conversation then focuses on the major research focus of Shank’s career – nutritional studies. Shank relates his experiences conducting nutritional study research in Newfoundland; the study of nutrition during war and the necessity of providing proper nutrition to troops; public health surveys conducted overseas under the auspices of the Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense (ICNND); and his experiences as participant and consultant to the Public Health Service and the Indian Health Service. Shank comments on the challenge of improving nutrition standards in developing countries with steadily increasing populations and the role of the National Research Council and the Food Nutrition Board in the development of standards of recommended dietary allowances of nutrients. He also discusses the growth of the vitamin industry, nutrition in prepared and baby foods, and obesity. The discussion then covers the development of the WUSM Department of Preventive Medicine while Shank was its head – the Irene Walter Johnson Institute of Rehabilitation, the Medical Care Group under its initial director Gerald Perkoff, the division of biostatistics, Health Care Research, applied physiology, epidemiology, and lipid research. Interviewed by Paul G. Anderson on June 27, 1980. OH044. Approximate Length 130 minutes.

Shank, Robert E.

Anne Brown Short Oral History

  • OH121
  • Collection
  • December 27, 2006

Interview conducted by Susan Deusinger of the Physical Therapy Department, WUSM. Approximate Length: 54 minutes.

Short, Anne Brown

Ruth Silberberg Oral History

  • OH020
  • Collection
  • 1/16/1976

Silberberg discusses differences in medical education in Europe and the United States. She also discusses changes in the field of pathology in general and in the Department of Pathology at the Washington University School of Medicine over the course of her career. Changes due to the development of electron microscopy are recalled, as well as the difficulties Silberberg encountered working under dean of the medical school and head of the pathology department, Robert A. Moore. Silberberg talks of leaving Germany because of the rise of Nazism and her husband and her coming to St. Louis to work in with Leo Loeb. She also describes her research in growth and aging, the study of osteoarthritis, and the relation of diabetes and joint disease. Sound level of audio recording is not consistent. Interviewed by Estelle Brodman on January 16, 1976. OH020. Approximate Length 53 minutes.

Silberberg, Ruth

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