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Archival description
Saint Louis (Mo.) History, 20th century
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Robert C. Milburn, Barnes Medical College Photographs and Artifacts

  • VC142
  • Collection
  • 1898-1912

This collection consists of 21 photographs, certificates, and artifacts from Robert C. Milburn, a graduate of Barnes Medical College in 1899. Photographs include group portraits with Milburn, including a composite portrait of Barnes Medical College class of 1899 and a tintype with Milburn and his partner Dr. J.A. Rea. Artifacts include clippings, a business card, a paperweight, a urinometer, and a surgical instrument kit.

Milburn, Robert C.

Barnes Medical College or University bulletins, 1900-1912.

Barnes Medical College was organized in 1892 as a for-profit venture by a group of physicians and business leaders and named in honor of a recently deceased merchant, Robert A. Barnes (1808-1892). Barnes had bequeathed money for the construction of a hospital and it has been widely presumed that the educators’ choice of name was part of an attempt to secure an affiliation between the two institutions. If so, the attempt failed, for the trustees of the Robert A. Barnes estate chose instead to reinvest the assets and wait for a more favorable time to build Barnes Hospital. Ignoring the rebuff, the college trustees constructed a building of their own at 2645 Chestnut (later renamed Lawton) Street. The institution quickly became the largest medical college in the city (ca. 400 students) and its program outgrew the original structure. In 1896 a second building opened two blocks west, on Lawson at Garrison Avenue. In 1902 the objective of a college-related clinical facility was achieved with the establishment of Centenary Hospital and the Barnes Dispensary in a new adjoining building. The institution also operated a dental college (see below), a college of pharmacy, and a nurses’ training program. At its height, the college enrolled approximately 600 students, and in 1904 changed its name to Barnes University. Despite these enhancements and changes of name, it became increasing apparent that the institution was financially unstable. The trustees offered their properties to the Curators of the University of Missouri in 1906 to house the state medical college. The negotiations lasted over a year and the Curators came close to accepting what seemed at first to be a generous offer. In the end, however, the state refused to pay the private venture’s debts and plans for the connection collapsed in 1908. During this same period, Barnes did absorb a smaller private school, the Hippocratean College of Medicine. Flexner severely criticized the Barnes institutions in 1909, however, a contemporary reviewer writing for the American Medical Association (Philip Skrainka, 1910) judged their quality “good.” One year following the merger with American Medical College in 1911 the names Barnes ceased to refer to medical instruction by this organization. For a brief period (1911-1914?) the Centenary facility was administered by Christian Hospital. From 1919 until 1936 the city of St. Louis used the building as a hospital for African American patients (City Hospital No. 2). The structures at Garrison and Lawton were demolished in 1960.

Barnes Medical College, Saint Louis

National University of Arts and Sciences documents, 1913-1915.

Exactly why the backers of Barnes University chose in 1912 to rename their institution National University of Arts and Sciences is unknown, although it is possible to speculate that whereas construction of the (totally unrelated) Barnes Hospital was by then underway, the hospital trustees perhaps asserted claims to exclusive rights to the Barnes name. National University established an undergraduate college in 1913, with courses initially offered in the medical building, then in 1915 moved to a structure at Grand and Delmar Boulevards. The institution attempted as well to operate a preparatory academy. After Christian Hospital withdrew from administration of the former Centenary structure, what was left of the inpatient facility was renamed National Hospital. Also in 1915, a merger was announced between the medical department and the St. Louis College of Physician and Surgeons, another financially beleaguered independent school. This arrangement failed, however, with Physicians and Surgeons withdrawing its faculty and students in 1916. That year witnessed the end of all the National departments but medicine. In 1918 the last medical class graduated and National’s clinical facilities ceased to treat patients.

National University of Arts and Sciences, St. Louis, Missouri

John B. Shapleigh Papers

  • FC109
  • Collection
  • 1881-1922

The collection is comprised of material gathered by John B. Shapleigh, II concerning his grandfather. Although most of the files were created posthumously, notably the memorial addresses and newspaper clippings, some are contemporary to the elder Shapleigh. Of special interest are the miscellaneous personal memorabilia and the report on the Washington University Hospital.

Shapleigh, John B.

John B. Shapleigh Certificates and Drawings

  • VC317
  • Collection
  • 1883-1925

This collection consists of 4 drawings and 2 certificates from John B. Shapleigh. Three of the drawings are cartoon caricatures that include a cut-out photograph of the subject's face and a drawn body.

Shapleigh, John B.

James Moores Ball Papers

  • PC040
  • Collection
  • 1894-1928

The collection contains mostly correspondence and reprints, but also included are newspaper and journal clippings, manuscripts of lectures, and papers on ophthalmology and the history of medicine.

Ball, James Moores

General Faculty Records

  • RG01B
  • Collection
  • 1911-1941

Minutes of meetings form the series. The finding aid is not complete.

General Faculty, Washington University School of Medicine

21st General Hospital Collection

  • RG004
  • Collection
  • 1942-1945

The 21st General Hospital Records is a collection of manuscripts and war memorabilia brought together and preserved by veterans of a military unit. Several of the series were generated as official records of the 21st General Hospital when it was stationed overseas, 1942-1945. But also included are many files and writings compiled or composed by the principal donor, Lee D. Cady, M.D. as late as 1975. The collection is designated a record group because it documents the history of an organization, rather than the career of any particular individual and because this organization at its inception was sponsored by Washington University School of Medicine.

The record group, as processed and described in this inventory by the Archives staff, is comprised of seventeen series. The series include narrative histories and reports, unit newspapers, records of the unit before activation, training materials, transit orders and rosters, files pertaining to each of the overseas duty stations, personnel files, general subject files, maps and plans, and select publications concerning the war and locales where the unit served.

21st General Hospital

Palmer H. Futcher Papers

  • FC143
  • Collection
  • 1946-1948.

The Palmer H. Futcher note file on Internal Medicine Department presentations, was started by Dr. Futcher during his tenure as assistant professor of medicine, 1946-1948.  The card file consists of 4 x 6 inch cards, arranged in two parts, (1) names of presenters, and (2) subjects of their presentations.  Futcher’s actual lecture notes are filed in the subject file, with the presenter file serving as an index. Presenters include W. Barry Wood, Carl V. Moore, Edward Reinhard, etc., with guests from other departments, including Carl F. Cori and Robert A. Moore. Notes from presentations in the 1960-1980s are also in the subject file, although most are from 1946-1948.

Futcher, Palmer H.

Sherwood Moore Papers

  • FC004
  • Collection
  • 1917-1948

The Sherwood Moore papers include correspondence, notes, reports, manuscripts, and reprints of articles. They document Dr. Moore’s interests in radiology, cholescystography, hospital administration, and his involvement in the work of Barnes Hospital, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St. Louis Maternity Hospital, the School of Medicine administration, and the Department of Radiology.

Moore, Sherwood. 1880-1963

Alpha Omega Alpha Fraternity Records

  • PC050
  • Collection
  • 1905-1957

The record group concerns the selection of medical students for the society and the development of the local chapter. The records list many members who became prominent in their fields. The Alpha Omega Alpha fraternity records consist of three volumes, 1905-1957, that include the initial charter and constitution and by-laws, minutes of chapter meetings, treasury records, chapter membership lists, other by-laws, correspondence, and publications. See also the The Hatchet (1923-1931) and the Archives vertical file (1938-1992) for more information on this student organization.

Alpha Omega Alpha. Alpha of Missouri Chapter

Evarts A. Graham Papers

  • FC003
  • Collection
  • 1904-1957

The original inventory of the Graham Papers was compiled before the collection was donated to the Washington University School of Medicine Library.  Unfortunately, some items were removed from Dr. Graham’s files before the collection was donated.  Therefore, the inventory that was provided along with the collection included citations to many items, particularly scientific reprints, which had in fact been removed from the files before the collection was donated to the Archives.

The decision was made by the library staff to continue using the original inventory in order to show the collection in its entirety.  The inventory has been revised to include the following changes: (1) empty folders are marked as such by brackets or by an asterisk (*) to indicate items removed; (2) the collection has been microfilmed, and notations concerning the reels may be found within the inventory; (3) the collection has been placed in document boxes and notations concerning the boxes have been added to the inventory.

The files are divided into sixteen series, which are listed below. The series designations together with the folder titles provide basic descriptions of the contents.  Particular note, however, should be made of series 11, which contains correspondence files of Dr. Fred Murphy, Graham’s predecessor as Chairman of the Department of Surgery.

Graham, Evarts A. (Evarts Ambrose), 1883-1957

Philip A. Shaffer Papers

  • FC005
  • Collection
  • 1910-1958

The Shaffer papers include ten document series including correspondence, diaries, scrapbooks, short publications, notes, and his Ph.D. dissertation. Major subjects are his research work in biochemistry and the administration of WUSM as dean and head of the Department of Biological Chemistry. His work with Barnes Hospital, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, American Society of Biological Chemists and the U. S. Army in World War I are also subjects.

In 2006, this collection contained many deteriorated brittle carbon copies on newsprint and newspaper clippings that chipped or fractured with minimal handling. The acidic newsprint had stained surrounding documents and was losing contrast due to browning. Archives staff made acid-free photocopies to preserve content and contrast for future use and preservation microfilming.

Shaffer, Philip A.

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