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Schmitt, Francis Otto
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1903-1995
History
Francis Otto Schmitt was an American biologist and neuroscientist. Schmitt was born St. Louis, Missouri and received an A.B. in 1924 and a Ph.D. in 1927 from Washington University. He joined the faculty in 1929 and taught zoology until 1941. He collaborated extensively with Arthur H. Compton to develop x-ray diffraction techniques for biological macro-structures like muscles and nerves. In 1941, Schmitt was recruited to MIT to become head of the Department of Biology. Schmitt became an authority on electron microscopy and conducted innovative studies on kidney function, tissue metabolism, and the chemistry, physiology, biochemistry, and electrophysiology of the nerve. He became Institute Professor in 1955 and professor emeritus in 1973. Schmitt was a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, and a former president of the Electron Microscope Society of America. He was the brother of Otto Herbert Schmitt.
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